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Evolution Korea In the fight over evolution, Korean scientists aren't taking their chances. The Society for Textbook Revise has been fighting to get rid of Archaeopteryx, horses and other evolutionist icons from textbooks. Confucian practices, with their emphasis on the importance of success in the world and the high value of learning still dominates the culture of the country. However, Korea is looking for an alternative model of development. Origins The growth of Iron Age cultures brought more sophisticated states to the Korean Peninsula, such as Goguryeo and Baekje. They all developed a unique culture which blended with the influence of their powerful neighbours and also embraced various aspects of Chinese culture, particularly Confucianism and Buddhism, although shamanism continued to be practised too. Goguryeo, the first of the Korean kingdoms was the first to establish their own form of government. It established its authority in the 1st century and established a king-centered governing system in the 2nd century. It expanded its territory into Manchuria and the northern part of the Peninsula through an array of conflicts that drove the Han loyalists from the region. At this time the regional confederation of Buyeo was established. In the Samguk yusa of the 13th century, Wang Geon's name was mentioned as the king. Buyeo was renamed Goryeo and hence the name Korea. Goryeo was a thriving commercial state and was also a place for education. They raised goats, sheep and other livestock and created furs from the animals. They danced in masked dramas like tallori and sandaenori. They also celebrated an annual festival in December, which was called Yeonggo. Goryeo’s economy was boosted through brisk trade, including with the Song Dynasty in China. Byeongnando was the gateway to Gaeseong, the capital of Gaeseong. Traders came from Central Asia, Arabia and Southeast Asia. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the items they brought. Around 8,000 BCE the Koreans began to establish permanent settlements and cultivating cereal crops. They also developed polished pottery, stone tools, and began organising themselves in clan societies. The Neolithic Age continued until the 12th Century BC. Around this time Gija, a prince from the Shang dynasty of China is believed to have brought a new high culture to Korea. In the 20th century, many Koreans believed that Dangun and Gija gave Korea its people and their culture, respectively. Functions Korea's old development model that stressed the importance of state-led capital accumulation as well as government intervention in industry and business, led to rapid economic growth that took it from being one of the world's poorest economies to the ranks of OECD countries within three decades. This model was rife with moral hazard and corruption that was outright. It was therefore not sustainable in an economy that is characterized by liberalization, trade and democratic change. The current crisis has revealed the weaknesses of the current model and it is likely that another model will replace it. The chapters 3 and 4 look at the roots of Korea's government and business risk partnership and explain how the emergence of economic actors who had an interest in preserving this system hindered Korea from making fundamental changes. By focusing on corporate governance and financial resource allocation These chapters provide an in-depth analysis of the causes of the crisis and provide suggestions towards ways to move forward through reforms. Chapter 5 traces the possible routes of Korea's evolution of its development paradigm in the post-crisis era, examining both legacies inherited from the past and the new developments triggered by the IT revolution and globalization. It also examines how these trends will affect Korea's political and social structures. The major finding is that there are a variety of emerging trends that are changing the nature of power and will decide the future of the country. For example, despite the fact that political participation is still highly restricted in Korea new forms of political activism bypass and challenge the power of political parties, thus transforming the democratic system in the country. Another important finding is that the influence and power of the Korean elite has decreased. A large segment of the society feels disconnected from the ruling class. This is a sign of the need for more civic education and participation as well as new ways of power-sharing. The chapter concludes that the success or failure of Korea's new development paradigm will depend on how these new ideas can be incorporated into the willingness to make difficult choices. Benefits South Korea is the world's ninth largest economy and the sixth fastest growing. It has a growing middle class and an R&D-based base that is the driving force behind innovation. The government has also recently increased its investments in infrastructure projects, to help boost economic growth and encourage social equity. In 2008, Lee Myung Bak's administration introduced five indicators of leadership in an attempt to establish an organization for development that focused on changes and practicality. The administration made efforts to streamline government operations and privatize public corporations with greater efficiency, and to overhaul administrative regulations. Since the ending of the Cold War, South Korea is pursuing a strategy for the integration of its economy with the rest and beyond the region. Exports of high-tech consumer electronics as well as advanced manufacturing technologies have become a major source of income. In addition the government has been promoting the Saemaeul Undong (New Community Movement) initiative, transforming the country from an agricultural one to one that is focused on manufacturing. The country has a great standard of living and provides many benefits to its employees such as maternity leave, and job stability. Employers are also required to sign up for accident insurance, which covers the cost of workplace-related illnesses or injuries. It is also typical for companies provide private medical insurance to cover illnesses that are not covered by National Health Insurance. As a result, South Korea has been considered a model of prosperity for many emerging countries around the world. However, the global financial crisis that struck Asia in 1997 challenged this view. visit shattered the conventional wisdom about Asia’s miracle economies, and led to a fundamentally reappraisal on the role of the government in regulating risky private ventures. It appears that Korea's future is still uncertain in the aftermath of these changes. A new generation of leaders have adopted the image as an “strong leader” and begun to experiment with market-oriented policies. On the other hand, a strong domestic power base has made it difficult to implement radical changes. Advantages The reemergence of creationists is a major hurdle to Korean science's efforts to educate the public about evolution. While the majority of Koreans favor the teaching of evolution in schools, a small group of creationist groups—led by a microbiologist named Bun-Sam Lim who is the president of the Society for Textbook Revise (STR)—is insisting on its removal from textbooks. STR claims that teaching evolution encourages the idea of a “materialist atheism” and portrays a “unhopeful worldview” for students. This can cause them to lose their faith in humanity. The roots of this anti-evolutionary sentiment are a bit ambiguous and varied. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. The one-sided populism, supported by powerful conservative think groups, business interests, and other influential organizations, has also led to a growing distrust of the scientific community. In the final analysis the study's findings regarding the widespread vulnerability highlight the need for targeted interventions that can mitigate them preemptively. These findings will assist Seoul to achieve its dream of creating an urban landscape that is cohesive. In the COVID-19 case, pinpointing the vulnerable neighborhoods and their occupants will be crucial to drafting specific, compassionate policies that improve their wellbeing and security. visit of COVID-19 on Jjokbangs for instance, reflects socio-economic disparities which can compound vulnerability to both natural and man-made catastrophes. To overcome this, South Korea needs a more inclusive civil society that can bring all communities together to tackle the most pressing issues facing the city. This requires a fundamental shift in the structure of the institution, starting with the power of the presidency. The Blue House can mobilize a large bureaucracy, and use the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, and the intelligence bureau to exert influence on the political scene. These agencies are not subject to oversight by the parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agents. This gives the president tremendous influence to enforce his or her own vision on the rest of the nation. This recipe could lead to polarization and stagnation of the country.